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Volkswagen AG is bundling its software operations with an investment plan of about 8 billion euro ($9 billion) over the next three to five years, another step in the electric- and connected-car shift that’s heralding massive change across the industry.

Volkswagen AG and other carmakers warned that trade tensions risk dragging the global economy into a recession as the fallout starts to hit consumers.

Volkswagen AG is unwrapping not just new models at the Frankfurt auto show, but a tweaked logo as the world’s biggest carmaker ushers in the electric era.

Volkswagen AG will revise fuel economy labels on several gasoline-powered models and pay nearly $100 million to drivers after an investigation discovered software that could optimize efficiency during government tests but not during real-world driving.

Volkswagen AG joined PSA Group in using sales of lucrative SUVs to stand out against a crowd of carmakers struggling with the auto market’s downturn.

Volkswagen AG and Ford Motor Co. will cooperate on electric and self-driving car technology, sharing costs on a global scale to take a major step forward in the industry’s disruptive transformation.

The soon-to-expand alliance between Ford Motor Co. and Volkswagen AG has the potential to transform the global auto industry and increase pressure on other manufacturers developing electric and self-driving cars, analysts said.

Volkswagen AG raised 1.55 billion euros ($1.8 billion) selling a stake in its truck business, but only after pricing the offer at the low end of a target range to attract investors to one of Europe’s biggest initial public offerings this year.

Volkswagen AG’s supervisory board plans to discuss and possibly approve next steps toward expanding an alliance with Ford Motor Co. when it meets in two weeks, according to people familiar with the matter.

Volkswagen AG is stepping up the pace of its digital transformation with a plan to pool some 5,000 digital experts into a single unit that will develop “vw.os,” a uniform software operating system across all new models.